Wolfgang Sartor
St. Petersburg as International Business Center in the 19th century (Trans. from German - S.K.Lebedev.),
in: Ekonomicheskaja istorija. Ezhegodnik (Economic Hystory. Yearbook). 2002, Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2003, p.47-63.

Summary
The author focuses on the international economic ties of St. Petersburg: cosmopolitan banking, foreign capital contributions and crediting of trade and industrial companies. The author draws the conclusion that St. Petersburg became, although not a leading, but a very important cosmopolitan economic center by 1914. The article reveals close ties of transnational companies and the economy of St. Petersburg. A lot of St. Petersburg firms were multinational: an active role was played by the British, Germans, Jews, Greeks, who brought their broad international business networks in Russia.

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